Medically reviewed content · Last reviewed: 15 Jan 2026
Overview
Keratoconus is a progressive thinning and bulging of the cornea into a cone-like shape, causing distorted vision and frequent changes in glass power. It often begins in the teens or twenties. Detected early, progression can usually be stabilised with corneal cross-linking; vision is then managed with specialised lenses.
Symptoms & Warning Signs
- Frequent change in spectacle power
- Distorted or ghosted vision
- Increasing astigmatism
- Glare and light sensitivity
- Glasses no longer giving clear vision
Possible Causes
The exact cause is unknown. Genetic predisposition, chronic eye rubbing and allergy-related irritation are strongly associated.
When to Consult an Eye Specialist
Young patients with rapidly changing power, high or irregular astigmatism, or a family history should be screened. Avoid habitual eye rubbing.
Diagnostic Process
- Corneal topography and tomography
- Pachymetry (corneal thickness mapping)
- Refraction and best-corrected vision assessment
- Serial scans to detect progression
Management & Treatment Approaches
- Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) to halt progression
- Rigid, scleral or hybrid contact lenses for clearer vision
- Intracorneal ring segments in selected cases
- Corneal transplantation for advanced disease
What to Expect
Diagnosis is based on painless imaging. If cross-linking is advised, your doctor will explain the procedure day, the drops course and the expected stabilisation goal.
Risks & Limitations
Cross-linking aims to stabilise, not reverse, the condition. It carries small risks of haze, infection or continued progression. Contact lenses require careful hygiene to avoid complications.
Recovery & Follow-up
After cross-linking, the surface heals over several days with drops and a bandage lens. Vision fluctuates during healing and is refined later with lenses.
Frequently Asked Questions
Medical disclaimer: This page is general educational information, not a diagnosis or a guarantee of any outcome. Treatment decisions are made only after an in-person evaluation by a qualified eye specialist.